The Fundamental International Charter For Human Rights

The topic of universal human rights is a complex and largely contested area of international relations. Though often highly regarded in â€Å"Western† states, the notion of individual rights is highly debatable in other parts of the world. In a struggle to reconcile regional traditions and world cultures, efforts to create implement a universally accepted charter of human rights have met many obstacles. Key issues including minority groups, gender, and the concept of individuality versus collectivism make up the many complicated shades of grey within this debate. To better understand the challenges that the concept of universal human rights faces, it is necessary to analyse the cultural, religious, and developmental dilemmas that jeopardise its legitimacy on a global scale. The foundational international charter for human rights is the United Nation’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration adopted in 1948, contains thirty articles, listing the UN’s defined entitlements and rights of human beings. During the 1993 World Human Rights Conference, the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, stressed that â€Å"the universal nature of these rights and freedoms is beyond question.†[1] Though it is lauded by many in the UN as universal, opposition is also widespread. The consensus of â€Å"Western† nations that human rights are universal has been heavily scrutinised by critics around the world. Such critics often pose the question of whether human rights can be surmised asShow MoreRelatedIs International Human Rights Activity? Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagescreation of fundamental human rights – such as the Charter of the United Nations – was an amicable one, the reality has given rise to anomalie s when dealing with nations that are outside the norm of accepted practices. This strains the concept of international human rights as it contests the concept of state sovereignty. This essay will argue that international human rights activity can be seen as a struggle to balance the competing claims of sovereignty and international human rights. While someRead MoreThe Earth Charter : A Declaration Of Fundamental Principles1460 Words   |  6 PagesThe Earth Charter is a declaration of fundamental principles for building a safe, sustainable, and peaceful world. It strives to identify the critical challenges and choices facing humanity. The Earth Charter provides moral framework for the development of the emerging global civilization. It is designed to inspire people to have a new sense of global interdependence and shared responsibility for the well-being of the humanity, life, and future generations. It is an urgent call for major social andRead MoreEu and the Fundamental Rights.. 1449 Words   |  6 Pageshas expressed through treaty provision and case law that the protection of the fundamental rights of EC citizens is vitally important. However, the EC itself is not currently bound to a set of agreed fundamental rights. For years, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has respected and protected fundamental rights by considering the position of state constitutions and the terms of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Yet, the ECJ is not bound to follow these. It is not bound to the ECHRRead MoreThe Violation Of Human Rights1284 Words   |  6 PagesViolation of Human Rights Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Relevance and value of human rights 3 3. Case studies 4 3.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 4 3.2 African Charter 5 3.3 Bill of Human Rights 7 4. Conclusion 7 5. Bibliography 8 1. Introduction Basic human rights are being violated every day all over the world. This includes each human being’s fundamental rights, which are rights that come with being human. Most importantlyRead MoreHuman Rights Influence Administrative Law913 Words   |  4 PagesHuman rights influence administrative law in number of different ways: First, administrators by a mere submission to the existing administrative law principles can protect and promote human rights. Government administrators are expected to set exemplary roles in the protection of human rights. By doing their job responsibly, administrators’ can influence Australia in advancing its human rights record. Non fulfilment of the administrator to adhere with administrative law principle is as good as repudiatingRead MoreInternational Organizations And The International Organization Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pages The international organizations plays a various roles that positively and negatively impact the global socio economic development of various nations. These are institutions that are set to uphold the values of certain agendas that are put out there for member nations to embark on in improving a nation’s socio economic development. Some of these agendas and charters do come with costs and these costs includes fines, punishments. It also has benefits, a benefit weaker and stronger nationsRead MoreHumanitarian Intervention Is An Unacceptable Assault On Sovereignty Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesviolations of human rights that offend every precept of our common humanity? Kofi Annan, Millennium Report of the Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2000 With this citation the Secretary General of UN took the responsibility to support the humanitarian intervention. The defence of this principle and the realization of this task rely on the UNSC, the only authority accountable of the determination of any threats to the international peace as the article 39 of the UN Charter says: â€Å"The SecurityRead MoreThe Western Libya Security Council Resolution997 Words   |  4 Pagesregarding the use of force under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter† prior to discussing the proposition a definition on the law regarding the use of force as provided by Chapter VII will be useful. Generally the prohibition of the use of force is a cornerstone upon which international law is built as the ICJ affirmed in the Armed Activities Case. This prohibition is contained in article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter (UNC) which provides that all members shall refrain from using the threatRead MoreHuman Rights Act 1998 ( Hra )1627 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Rights Act 1998(HRA) gives effect to the convention in the UK law, it does this to reschedule one of the Acts. The statute is considered a constitutional importance since it has a major effect on the way that the statute interacts with its citizens. One of the major concerns that was around when the HRA 1998 was first passed, was what effect it would have on Parliamentary Sovereignty, to an extent it is a debate that it still ongoing when you consider the things like the interaction with theRead MoreHuman Rights And The Rights949 Words   |  4 PagesHuman has many fundamental rights and freedoms to which all humans co nsidered entitled the right to life, liberty, freedom of thought and appearance, and equal treatment before the law, among others. These rights represent entitlements of the individual or the government, as well as responsibilities of the person and the government authorities’ these rights often advanced as legal rights and protected by the rule of law. However, they are distinct from and before the law, and can be used as standards

Acc205 Final Paper - 1272 Words

Final Paper Matthew Duncan ACC205: Principles of Accounting 1 LaKeitha Givens June 13, 2011 Final Paper What makes a large organization like Wal-Mart financially successful? One could say it is the result of outstanding personnel or perhaps a strong determination to succeed. These factors certainly contribute. However the key to financial success in organizations lies in good accounting. Since early civilization began, accounting has been an important part of our financial transactions. In today’s world our use of modern accounting systems and accurate financial statements are critical components that make modern organizations successful. To facilitate understanding of this point one must understand how†¦show more content†¦As organizations utilize software and the internet together to make transactions and complete accounting functions, the threat of cybercrime comes into play. â€Å"Cyber crime against private business is growing, and consuming a larger share of Federal Bureau of Investigation resources than ever before†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Kelly, M., amp; 42 staff, 2011) Modern organizations that utilize technology must now use their resources to protect themselves from malicious cybercrime activities. A â€Å"hacker† could illegally intrude into an organizations information network and use accounting software to mine information and steal assets at a relatively low risk of being caught. With new threats introduced in the accounting environment, modern organizations now must work hard to safeguard information that was not at such a risk prior to new technology. Outside threats are a real danger to accounting functions in modern organizations, but other dangers to success lie from within. â€Å"Accounting is the information system that measures business activity, processes the data into reports, and communicates the results to decision makers.† (Horngren amp; Harrison, 2007, p. 4) Decision makers within an organization need accurate accounting information to manage organizational activities and turn these efforts into success. Internal accounting accuracy plays just as important of a role outside of internalShow MoreRelatedAshford University Acc205 Final Paper768 Words   |  4 Pagesrecorded as such in accordance with the matching principle. One example of a contingent liability is a pending lawsuit. If the lawsuit is lost then the company will need to pay, therefore the money must be thought of as already spent until the lawsuit is final. Another example of a contingent liability occurs when one company cosigns on a note for another. If the second company defaults on the loan then the first company will have to pay. Therefore the money must be recorded as a liability until the note

Soap History Essay Example For Students

Soap History Essay Most people washed themselves with only one essential thing at the time, water. This, of course, happened until the development of soap in 2800 B.C. The soapwas found in clay cylinders during the excavation of ancient Babylon. There wereinscriptions discovered on the cylinders, which showed us that fats were boiledwith ashes, which was the method of making the soap at this time. Records haveshown that Egyptians bathed regularly. There was a medical document found calledThe Ebers Papyrus which described the combining of animal and vegetableoils with alkaline salts to form soap-like material. These were used fortreating skin diseases and washing. At around this time, Moses gave theIsraelites specific laws about personal cleanliness. He related cleanliness tohealth and religious cleansing. The early Greeks bathed for artistic reasons. Instead of washing with soap, they bathed themselves with blocks of clay, sand,pumice, and ashes. Then they anointed themselves with oil and scraped off theoil and dirt with a strigil. They washed their clothes in the streams withoutusing soap. According to an ancient Roman legend, soap got its name from MountSapo where animals were sacrificed. When it had rain, the water washed away theanimal fat and wood ashes down into the clay soil along the Tiber River. Womenhad found this clay mixture and it made their wash much cleaner. Soap making wasa popular craft in Europe by the 17th century. Vegetable and animal oils wereused with ashes of plants and fragrance. More varities of soap gradually becameavailable for shaving and washing hair, as well as bathing and washing clothes. Italy, Spain, and France were the early centers of soap manufacturing. TheEnglish began making soap during the 12th century. The chemistry of the soapmanufacturing stayed the same until 1916 when the first synthetic detergent wasdeveloped in Germany. Synthetic detergents are non-soap washing and cleaningproducts that are synthesized. Household detergent products became knownin the United States around the 1930s. It is very important to understand thebasic knowledge of soap and detergent chemistry. Water has a property calledsurface tension. In water, other water molecules surround each molecule, but atthe surface, other water molecules only on the waterside surround thosemolecules. A tension is created as the surface molecules are pulled into thebody of water. This tension causes the water to bead up on the surface,which slows down the cleaning process. During the cleaning process, surfacetension must be reduced so the water can spread and wet surfaces. Chemicals thatdo this are call ed surface-active agents. The surface-active agents perform manyimportant jobs in cleaning. They are classified by their ionic properties inwater. These properties are anionic which means a negative charge, nonionicwhich means no charge, cationic which means having a positive charge, andamphoteric which means having either a positive or negative charge. Soaps arewater-soluble sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. The fats and oils usedin soap making are made up of a unique mixture of several differenttriglycerides. In a triglyceride molecule, 3 fatty acid molecules are attachedto one molecule of glycerine. Fatty acids are the mechanism of fats and oilsthat are used in soap. They are weak acids of two parts, which are a carboxylicacid group and a hydrocarbon chain attached to the carboxylic acid group.